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二十四节气
Twenty-four solar terms
二十四节气，是中国历法中表示自然节律变化以及确立“十二月建”的特定节令。一岁分四时，春夏秋冬各三个月，每月两个节气，每个节气均有其独特的含义。二十四节气准确反映了自然节律变化，在人们日常生活中发挥了极为重要的作用。它不仅是指导农耕生产的时节体系，更是包含有丰富民俗事象的民俗系统。二十四节气蕴含着悠久的文化内涵和历史积淀，是中华民族悠久历史文化的重要组成部分。在国际气象界，二十四节气被誉为“中国的第五大发明”。2016年11月30日，二十四节气被正式列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。
The 24 solar terms are specific festivals in the Chinese calendar that indicate changes in natural rhythms and establish the "十二月建".One year is divided into four seasons, three months each in spring, summer, autumn and winter, and two solar terms per month, each of which has its own unique meaning.The 24 solar terms accurately reflect the changes in natural rhythms and play an extremely important role in people's daily lives.It is not only a seasonal system that guides agricultural production, but also a folklore system that contains rich folk events. The 24 solar terms contain a long cultural connotation and historical accumulation, and are an important part of the long history and culture of the Chinese nation.In the international meteorological community, the 24 solar terms are known as "China's fifth great invention". On November 30, 2016, the 24 solar terms were officially inscribed on UNESCO's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
- 节气来源Source of solar terms
我国的星象文化源远流长、博大精深，古人很早开始就探索宇宙的奥秘，并由此演绎出了一套完整深奥的观星文化。二十四节气原是依据北斗七星斗柄旋转指向（斗转星移）制定，北斗七星循环旋转，这斗转星移与季节变换有着密切的关系。西汉汉武帝时期将“二十四节气”纳入《太初历》作为指导农事的历法补充。
China's astrological culture has a long and profound history, and the ancients began to explore the mysteries of the universe very early, and thus deduced a complete and profound stargazing culture.The 24 solar terms were originally formulated according to the rotation direction of the Big Dipper, which rotates in cycles, and this is closely related to the change of seasons.During the reign of Emperor Wudi of the Western Han Dynasty, the "twenty-four solar terms" were included in the Taichu Calendar as a supplement to the calendar to guide agricultural affairs.
- 交替时间及含义Alternating time and meaning
【春季Spring】
立春Spring begins：公历2月3－5日交节。立春是春季的第一个节气，意味着新的一个轮回已开启，意味着万物闭藏的冬季已过去，开始进入生长的季节，万物至此渐次复苏。
February 3-5 in the Gregorian calendar. The Spring begins is the first solar term of spring, which means that a new cycle has begun, which means that the winter in which all things are closed has passed, and the season of growth has begun, and all things have gradually recovered.
雨水The rains：公历2月18-20日交节。雨水节气标示着降雨开始，雨量渐增。进入雨水节气，我国北方阴寒未尽，一些地方仍下雪，尚未入春，仍是很冷；南方大多数地方则是春意盎然，一幅早春的景象。
February 18-20 in the Gregorian calendar. The rains marks the beginning of rainfall and the gradual increase in rainfall. Entering the rains, the north of China is not yet cold, some places are still snowing; Most of the south is full of spring, an early spring scene.
惊蛰Insects awaken：公历3月05－07日交节。惊蛰的意思是天气回暖，春雷始鸣，惊醒蛰伏于地下冬眠的昆虫。
March 05-07 in the Gregorian calendar. The means is weather warms up, and the spring thunder begins to sound, waking up insects that hibernate underground.
春分Vernal Equinox：公历3月20-22日交节。春分在天文学上有重要意义，南北半球昼夜平分，自这天以后太阳直射位置继续由赤道向北半球推移，北半球各地白昼开始长于黑夜。春分在气候上也有比较明显的特征，这时节天气暖和、雨水充沛、阳光明媚。
March 20-22 in the Gregorian calendar. The vernal equinox is of great astronomical significance, the northern and southern hemispheres equinoxes day and night, since this day the direct position of the sun continues to move from the equator to the northern hemisphere, and the day begins to grow longer than night throughout the northern hemisphere. The spring equinox is also characterized by a relatively obvious climate, when the weather is warm, rainy and sunny.
清明Clear and bright：公历4月04-06日交节。清明是反映自然界物候变化的节气，这个时节阳光明媚、草木萌动、气清景明、万物皆显，自然界呈现生机勃勃的景象。时至清明，在我国南方地区已气候清爽温暖、大地呈现春和景明之象；在北方地区也开始断雪，渐渐进入阳光明媚的春天。
April 04-06 in the Gregorian calendar. Is a solar term that reflects the phenological changes in nature, this season is sunny, grass and trees are budding, the air is clear and bright, everything is visible, and the natural world presents a vibrant scene. By the time of Qingming, the climate in the southern region of China has been refreshing and warm, and the earth has shown the image of spring and prosperity; In the north, snow also began to break and gradually enter a sunny spring.
谷雨Grain rain：公历4月19－21日交节。谷雨，是春季的最后一个节气,此时降水明显增加，田中的秧苗初插、作物新种，最需要雨水的滋润。降雨量充足而及时，谷类作物能茁壮成长。
April 19-21 in the Gregorian calendar. Is the last solar term of spring, when precipitation increases significantly, and the seedlings in the field and new crops are planted, and the most need for rain to moisturize. With sufficient and timely rainfall, cereal crops can thrive.
【夏季Summer】
立夏Summer begins：公历5月05－07日交节。是二十四节气中的第7个节气，夏季的第一个节气，表示盛夏时节的正式开始。标志着逐渐升温、炎暑将临，雷雨增多，是农作物进入旺季生长的一个重要节气。
May 05-07 in the Gregorian calendar. It is the 7th solar term among the 24 solar terms, the first solar term of summer, indicating the official beginning of the midsummer season. It marks the gradual warming, the coming of the hot summer, and the increase in thunderstorms, which is an important solar term for the growth of crops in the peak season.
小满Grain buds：公历5月20－22日交节。天气渐渐由暖变热，并且降水也会逐渐增多。
May 20-22 in the Gregorian calendar. The weather gradually changed from warm to hot, and precipitation will gradually increase.
芒种Grain in ear：公历6月05－07日交节。芒种时节气温显著升高，雨量充沛，是适宜晚稻等谷类作物耕播的节令，它是古代农耕文化对于节令的反映。
June 05-07 in the Gregorian calendar. The temperature rises significantly and the rainfall is abundant, which is suitable for the cultivation and sowing of cereal crops such as late rice, is a reflection of the ancient farming culture.
夏至Summer solstice：公历6月21－22日交节。这天太阳直射地面的位置到达一年的最北端，几乎直射北回归线，此时，北半球各地的白昼时间达到全年最长。
June 21-22 in the Gregorian calendar. On this day, the sun hits the northernmost point of the year, almost directly into the Tropic of Cancer, when the longest hours of daylight are in the Northern Hemisphere.
小暑Slight heat：公历7月06－08日交节。表示盛夏正式开始，开始进入伏天，天气变化无常。我国大部分地区进入雷暴最多的时节。天气炎热、雷暴频繁，雨量充沛，农作物都进入了茁壮成长阶段。
July 06-08 in the Gregorian calendar. It means that the height of summer has officially begun, and the weather has begun to enter the sky and the weather is changeable. Most of China enters the season of the most thunderstorms. With hot weather, frequent thunderstorms and abundant rainfall, crops are in a thriving phase.
大暑Great heat：公历7月22－24日交节。大暑是一年中最热的节气，大暑气候特征：高温酷热、雷暴频繁、台风。受夏季风的影响，降水自东南沿海向西北内陆逐渐减少，且全年降水量集中在夏季。
July 22-24 in the Gregorian calendar. Is the hottest solar term of the year, and the climate characteristics of it: high temperature and extreme heat, frequent thunderstorms, typhoons. Affected by the summer wind, precipitation gradually decreases from the southeast coast to the northwest interior, and the annual precipitation is concentrated in summer.
【秋季Autumn】
立秋Autumn begins：公历8月07－09日交节。表示自此进入了秋季,意味着降水、湿度等于一年中的转折点，趋于下降或减少；在自然界，万物开始从繁茂成长趋向萧索成熟。
August 07-09 in the Gregorian calendar. It means that autumn has entered since then, which means that precipitation and humidity are equal to the turning point of the year, and tend to decline or decrease; In nature, everything begins to grow from luxuriant to mature.
处暑Stopping the heat：公历8月22－24日交节。意味着酷热难熬的天气到了尾声，这期间天气虽仍热，但已是呈下降趋势,提醒人们暑气渐渐消退，天气由炎热向凉爽过渡，要注意预防。
August 22-24 in the Gregorian calendar. It means that the hot and unbearable weather has come to an end, and although the weather is still hot during this period, it has shown a downward trend, reminding people that the heat is gradually subsiding, and the weather is transitioning from hot to cool, and attention should be paid to prevention.
白露White dews：公历9月07－09日交节。由于天气逐渐转凉，白昼有阳光尚热，但太阳一落山气温便很快下降，昼夜温差拉大。
September 07-09 in the Gregorian calendar. As the weather gradually cools, the sun is still hot during the day, but as soon as the sun sets, the temperature drops quickly, and the temperature difference between day and night widens.
秋分Autumn Equinox：公历9月22－24日交节。时至秋分，暑热已消，天气转凉。
September 22-24 in the Gregorian calendar. By the autumnal equinox, the heat has subsided and the weather has cooled.
寒露Cold dews：公历10月08－09日交节。冷空气南下，昼夜温差较大，并且秋燥明显,我国大部分地区在冷高压控制之下，雨季结束。
October 08-09 in the Gregorian calendar.Day and night temperature difference is large, and autumn dryness is obvious, most of China under the control of cold and high pressure, the rainy season is over.
霜降Hoar-frost falls：公历10月23－24日交节。反映的是气温骤降、昼夜温差变化大、秋燥明显的气候特征。
October 23-24 in the Gregorian calendar. It reflects the climate characteristics of sudden drop in temperature, large variation of temperature difference between day and night, and obvious autumn dryness.
【冬季】
立冬Winter begins：公历11月7－8日交节。是季节类节气，表示自此进入了冬季,意味着万物进入休养、收藏状态。
November 7-8 in the Gregorian calendar. It is a seasonal solar term, which means that winter has entered since then, means that everything has entered a state of rest and collection.
小雪Light snow：公历11月22－23日交节。小雪节气的到来，意味着天气会越来越冷、降水量渐增。
November 22-23 in the Gregorian calendar. The arrival of light snow means that the weather will become colder and the precipitation will increase.
大雪Heavy snow：公历12月6－8日交节。是反映气温与降水变化趋势的节气，它是古代农耕文化对于节令的反映。
December 6-8 in the Gregorian calendar. It is a solar term that reflects the trend of temperature and precipitation, and it is a reflection of the season in ancient farming culture.
冬至Winter Solstice：公历12月21－23日交节。是反映太阳光直射运动的节气，冬至这天太阳南行到极致，太阳光直射南回归线，是北半球一年中白天时间最短、黑夜时间最长的一天，自这天起太阳直射点往北回返，北半球各地太阳高度逐渐升高，白昼逐日增长。
December 21-23 in the Gregorian calendar. It is a solar term reflecting the direct movement of sunlight, the day of the winter solstice the sun goes south to the extreme, the sun directly hits the Tropic of Capricorn, is the shortest day time and the longest night time in the northern hemisphere of the year, since this day the direct sun point to the north back, the height of the sun in the northern hemisphere gradually rises, and the day increases day by day.
小寒Slight cold：公历1月5－7日交节。太阳直射点还在南半球，北半球的热量还处于散失的状态，白天吸收的热量还是少于夜晚释放的热量，因此北半球的气温还在持续降低。
January 5-7 in the Gregorian calendar. The direct point of the sun is still in the southern hemisphere, the heat in the northern hemisphere is still in a state of loss, and the heat absorbed during the day is still less than the heat released at night, so the temperature in the northern hemisphere continues to decrease.
大寒Great cold：公历1月20－21日交节。是表示天气寒冷程度的节气，大寒是天气寒冷到极致的意思。
January 20-21 in the Gregorian calendar. It is a solar term that indicates the degree of cold weather, and the great cold means that the weather is extremely cold.
节气歌
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